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1.
J. Phys. Educ. (Maringá) ; 29: e2945, 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954473

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The present study compared the competitive balance (CB) of Brazilian professional football with those of Germany, Spain, France, England, Italy and Portugal first division leagues, between the period from 2003/2004 to 2016/2017. In addition, a trend line of the period and the overall effect was analysed. The CB was measured by the concentration of points by the first four teams placed in the final standings (C4ICB). Descriptive values ​​showed that the competitions were not fully balanced (i.e. C4ICB> 100). (Md= 145, 148, 148, 152 and 155, respectively, p<0.05), with no differences for France (Md= 140), compared to Germany, Spain, Italy, England and Portugal (Md= 140, p> 0.05). The CB trend lines for Spain, Portugal and the overall effect were significant and showed a decline in the period (p <0.05). There was more stable behavior for Brazil and Italy, observing tendencies to significant models for the increments in the German and French leagues and a reduction in the CB in the English league. It is concluded that the Brazilian league was the most balanced in this period. Globally, there has been a growing inequality in these leagues, which may implicate in the success and attractiveness of the leagues in the future.


RESUMO O presente estudo comparou o equilíbrio competitivo (EC) do futebol brasileiro com os da Alemanha, Espanha, França, Inglaterra, Itália e Portugal), na primeira divisão, entre o período de 2003/2004 a 2016/2017. Além disso, verificou-se a linha de tendência do período e o efeito global. O EC foi medido através da concentração de pontos pelos quatro primeiros colocados na tabela final de classificação (C4 Index of Competitive Balance; C4ICB). Valores descritivos mostraram competições não totalmente equilibradas (i.e., C4ICB>100). C4ICB do campeonato brasileiro (Md=133) foi menor em comparação aos da Alemanha, Espanha, Itália, Inglaterra e Portugal (Md=145, 148, 148, 152 e 155, respectivamente; p<0.05), sem diferenças para a França (Md=140; p>0.05). As linhas de tendência de EC's de Espanha, Portugal e de efeito global foram significativas e demonstraram declínio no período (p<0.05). Para Brasil e Itália houve comportamento com perfil mais estável, observando tendências a modelos significativos para os incrementos nos campeonatos da Alemanha e França e redução de EC no campeonato da Inglaterra. Conclui-se que o campeonato brasileiro foi o torneio menos desequilibrado neste período. De forma global, houve uma crescente desigualdade de equilibrio nessas competições no período analisado o que pode comprometer o sucesso e atratividade no futuro.


Subject(s)
Soccer , Athletic Performance
2.
Rev. bras. ciênc. mov ; 25(1): 199-211, jan.-mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-881151

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a produção científica brasileira sobre o Atletismo entre 1999 e 2013. Foram identificados 162 artigos, e selecionados 55 estudos que abordaram o Atletismo como temática principal do estudo. Destes, 43 artigos (78,2%) foram relacionados com a Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano e 12 (21,8%) com a Pedagogia do Movimento. Analisando os estudos selecionados (caraterização a posteriori das análises), 30,9% (17) correspondiam à pesquisas na área de fisiologia do exercício, 20% (11) a lesões no esporte, 10% (6) sobre biomecânica, 7,3% (4) a psicologia do esporte e 7,3% (4) a nutrição esportiva. As áreas com menos pesquisas foram o treinamento esportivo, a iniciação esportiva e a história/sociologia do esporte com 5,5% (3) cada uma. A pedagogia do esporte e do dopping, ficaram com a menor proporção de estudos, sendo 3,6% (2) cada uma. Seis estudos não apresentavam uma única modalidade como foco central na investigação, outros 15 enfocaram corridas de fundo e meio undo, 8 em corridas de rua e maratonas, 7 em corridas de velocidade, 6 em atletismo paralímpico e, com menor percentual, as provas de salto horizontal, arremessos e lançamentos e o atletismo escolar que tiveram 1 estudo cada. Conclui-se que é importante considerar os critérios de avaliação dos cursos de PósGraduação adotados pela CAPES, pois no modo atual o sistema parece limitar a investigação na área da Pedagogia do Movimento. Necessita-se também qualificar a pesquisa sobre o Atletismo no Brasil e desenvolver pesquisas com melhor aporte metodológico (estudos longitudinais, de intervenção, de validação de métodos, de revisão de literatura e qualitativos) bem como melhorar a amostragem e diversificar as investigações em diferentes provas do Atletismo...(AU)


The aim of this study was to analyze the Brazilian scientific production on Athletics between 1999 and 2013. A total of 162 articles were identified, and 55 studies were selected that approached Athletics as the main theme of the article. Of these, 43 articles (78.2%) were related to Biodynamics of the Human Movement, and 12 (21.8%) with Pedagogy of the Human Movement. Analyzing the studies, 30.9% (17) corresponded to research in the physiology of the exercise, 20% (11) corresponded to studies on sports injuries, 10% (6) on sports biomechanics, 7.3% ( 4) sports psychology and 7.3% (4) sports nutrition. The areas with the least research were sports training, sports initiation and sport history / sociology, with 5.5% (3) in each one, and the lowest proportion of studies occurred in the area of sports pedagogy and doping, with 3.6% (2) of the studies found in the literature review. Six studies did not present a single modality as a central focus in the investigation, another fifteen focused in middle and long-distance events, eight road running and marathon, seven sprints, six studies focused on Brazilian Paralympic athletes, and with a lower percentage jumping and throwing events and school athletics with one study each. It is concluded that it is important to consider the evaluation criteria of the courses and thus, the entry of teachers into the country's postgraduate programs, as this seems to limit research in the area of Pedagogy of Human Movement. It is also necessary to qualify the research on Athletics in Brazil, to develop researches with better methodological aproach, that is, longitudinal studies, intervention studies, validation studies of methods, studies of literature review and qualitative studies, to improve the sample in the studies and diversify the research evidence...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bibliographies as Topic , Review , Scientific Publication Indicators , Track and Field , Running
3.
Motriz (Online) ; 23(3): e101720, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894996

ABSTRACT

Aims: To investigate the home advantage (HA) in the Copa Libertadores da América (CLA) from 2005 to 2015. Methods: A naive analysis was applied considering how many times a team that played the second leg at home qualified for the next round. To verify differences between home, away and draw results, the Chi-square ( χ2 ) and the Full Bayesian Significance Test were applied. For the binomial variables ("Home" or "Away"), the probability of second-leg knockout occurrence was calculated. Results: The probability of second-leg HA varied from 27.27% to 63.64% suggesting fluctuations of second-leg HA during competitive phases (round of 16, quarterfinals, semi-finals and final matches) and decision forms (full time, goals away rule or penalty-shoots). Conclusion: The results counteract the common belief that there is a large advantage to playing the second match of a two-leg tie at home during all competition phases. Penalty-shots seemed to affect positively the second-leg HA. Despite the causes of second leg HA in CLA need to be better investigated, soccer coaches could to use these results to think better strategies to win your knockout matches.(AU)


Subject(s)
Soccer , South America
4.
São Paulo med. j ; 134(3): 193-198, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785809

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate different mathematical post-analysis methods of determining lactate threshold in highly and lowly trained endurance runners. DESIGN AND SETTING: Experimental laboratory study, in a tertiary-level public university hospital. METHOD: Twenty-seven male endurance runners were divided into two training load groups: lowly trained (frequency < 4 times per week, < 6 consecutive months, training velocity ≥ 5.0 min/km) and highly trained (frequency ≥ 4 times per week, ≥ 6 consecutive months, training velocity < 5.0 min/km). The subjects performed an incremental treadmill protocol, with 1 km/h increases at each subsequent 4-minute stage. ­Fingerprint ­blood-lactate analysis was performed at the end of each stage. The lactate threshold (i.e. the running velocity at which blood lactate levels began to exponentially increase) was measured using three different methods: increase in blood lactate of 1 mmol/l at stages (DT1), absolute 4 mmol/l blood lactate concentration (4 mmol), and the semi-log method (semi-log). ANOVA was used to compare different lactate threshold methods and training groups. RESULTS: Highly trained athletes showed significantly greater lactate thresholds than lowly trained runners, regardless of the calculation method used. When all the subject data were combined, DT1 and semi-log were not different, while 4 mmol was significantly lower than the other two methods. These same trends were observed when comparing lactate threshold methods in the lowly trained group. However, 4 mmol was only significantly lower than DT1 in the highly trained group. CONCLUSION: The 4 mmol protocol did not show lactate threshold measurements comparable with DT1 and semi-log protocols among lowly trained athletes.


RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar modelos matemáticos de pós-análise do limiar de lactato em grupos de corredores de longa distância muito ou pouco treinados. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo laboratorial experimental. Hospital Público Universitário Terciário. MÉTODO: Vinte e sete corredores homens foram divididos em: pouco treinados (frequência < 4 vezes por semana, < 6 meses, velocidade ≥ 5,0 minutos/km) e muito treinados (frequência ≥ 4 vezes por semana, ≥ 6 meses, velocidade < 5,0 minutos/km). Os participantes foram submetidos a protocolo de esteira escalonado (1% inclinação) = 1 km/h por fase (4 minutos). Ao fim de cada estágio, análise da "impressão digital" metabolômica foi realizada. O limiar do lactato (i.e. velocidade em que o lactato sanguíneo aumenta exponencialmente) foi medido utilizando-se três métodos: aumento de 1 mmol/l da concentração, concentração absoluta de 4 mmol e método semi-log. ANOVA foi utilizada para comparar os diferentes limiares de lactato e grupos. RESULTADO: Atletas muito treinados apresentaram limiares de lactato maiores que os corredores pouco treinados, independentemente do método de cálculo utilizado. Comparando todos os corredores juntos, as análises de aumento de 1 mmol/l e semi-log não foram diferentes, enquanto a concentração absoluta de 4 mmol/l foi significativamente mais baixa que as dos dois outros métodos. Essas mesmas tendências foram observadas ao se compararem os métodos de limiar de lactato no grupo menos treinado. Entretanto, a análise absoluta de 4 mmol/l foi menor do que a do aumento de 1 mmol/l no grupo muito treinado. CONCLUSÃO: O método concentração absoluta de 4 mmol não mostrou mensurações comparáveis de limiar do lactato quando comparado com os protocolos aumento de 1 mmol/l e semi-log nos atletas pouco treinados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Physical Endurance/physiology , Running/physiology , Anaerobic Threshold/physiology , Lactic Acid/blood , Exercise Test/methods , Reference Values , Time Factors , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Athletes
5.
Motriz rev. educ. fís. (Impr.) ; 22(2): 73-79, Apr.-June 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-781524

ABSTRACT

This qualitative-descriptive investigation examining the influence exerted by experienced soccer-players on the ranking obtained from the four best-ranked by their teams in the last four FIFA World Cups (WC). They were divided into experienced-players (at least one WC participation [+1WC]) or non-experienced players (no previous participation [1WC]). Thereafter, they were classified according to their contribution in each of the playoff matches in a given WC: STARTER (started all matches); START/SUBST (started at least one match); SUBST/BENCH (did not start any matches, but replaced a player in at least one match); and BENCH (did not participate in matches). The sample was composed of 33.7% experienced and 66.3% non-experienced players. The number of players +1WC in finalist teams was significantly higher than in the non-finalist teams (p<0.05). In addition, when compared with the non-finalist teams, the finalists presented significantly higher number of players STARTER with +1WC (p<0.05). Possibly, the selection of experienced players to participate in WC may be an effective strategy to achieve better competitive performance


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Soccer , Sports
6.
Motriz rev. educ. fís. (Impr.) ; 19(2): 513-522, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-678326

ABSTRACT

A fibromialgia (FM) é uma doença idiopática de ordem reumatológica e incurável que causa dores crônicas e possui tratamento complexo e multifatorial. O exercício físico pode fazer parte do tratamento por atenuar parte dos sintomas da FM, porém a literatura ainda carece de informações sobre tipo, intensidade, duração e frequência ótimos contra os sintomas da FM. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito de 12 semanas de treinamento resistido em uma paciente com FM que não fazia tratamento farmacológico. Os resultados indicaram que 12 semanas de treinamento resistido foi capaz de reduzir as dores, melhorar a capacidade funcional, o bem-estar geral e a qualidade de vida da paciente. O treinamento resistido pareceu atenuar os efeitos negativos da FM e parece ser uma ferramenta promissora para pacientes com FM que gostem desse tipo de atividade.


Fibromyalgia (FM) is an idiopathic rheumatological order and incurable desease that causes chronic pain and has complex and multifactorial treatment. Exercise may be a part of treatment by relieving some of the symptoms of FM, but the literature still lacks optimal information about type, intensity, duration and frequency against the symptoms of FM. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of 12 weeks of resistance training in a patient with FM that had no pharmacological treatment. The results indicated that 12 weeks of resistance training was able to reduce pain, improve functional capacity, general well-being and quality of life of the patient. Resistance training appeared to attenuate the negative effects of FM and seems to be a promising tool for patients with FM who enjoy this kind of activity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Fibromyalgia , Quality of Life
7.
Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum ; 12(6): 415-421, out. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-568467

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar o nível de flexibilidade de homens e mulheres de diferentes faixas etárias através do teste de sentar e alcançar seguindo protocolo do Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness (CSTF); classificá-los de acordo com a tabela sugerida pelo mesmo e, a partir dos resultados obtidos elaborar uma nova tabela normativa que reflita a população estudada. Participaram do estudo 16.405 sujeitos (11.114 mulherese 5.291 homens) praticantes e não praticantes de exercícios físicos regulares, divididos em grupos etários: 15 a 19 (n=954), 20 a 29 (n=2916), 30 a 39 (n=2161), 40 a 49 (n=2333), 50 a 59 (n=2739), 60 a 69 (n=3195), acima de 70 (n=2107). Os percentis foram calculados com escores do teste original e como pontos de corte considerou-se os percentis 20, 40, 60 e 80para classificação fraco, abaixo da média, média, acima da média, excelente, respectivamente. De acordo com as classificações do CSTF as faixas etárias entre 15 e 39 anos foram classificadas como fraco, com média de flexibilidade variando entre 24,80±9,68cm e 26,13±10,11cm no feminino e entre 21,48±9,90cm e 22,84±9,64cm no masculino. Nas categorias de 40 a69 a média variou entre 22,76±9,62cm e 25,39±9,54cm no feminino e entre 16,39±10,13cm e 19,93±9,19cm no masculino, ficando abaixo da média. Apesar de a maioria da amostra ser praticante de exercício físico regular, a média do nível de flexibilidade apresentada não correspondeu à média sugerida pela tabela canadense demonstrando a importância de seconstruir tabelas de referências nacionais e se estabelecer novos valores normativos como a tabela proposta pelo presente trabalho.


The objective of this study was to examine the level of flexibility in men and women of different ages by the sit-and-reach test and to classify them according to the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness (CSTF). The results were used to elaborate a new table that reflects the population studied. The sample consisted of 16,405 physically active and inactive subjects whowere divided according to age: 15 to 19 (n = 954), 20 to 29 (n = 2916), 30 to 39 (n = 2161), 40 to 49 (n = 2333), 50 to 59 (n = 2739), 60 to 69 (n = 3195), and > 70 years (n = 2107). Percentiles were calculated using the original test scores and the 20th, 40th, 60th and 80th percentiles were used as cut-offs for classification as poor, below the average, average, above the average and excellent, respectively. According to the CSTF classification, the age groups from 15 to 39 years were classified as poor, with mean flexibility ranging from 24.805±9.684 to 26.130± 10.111 cm in women and from 21.480±9.905 to 22.848±9.648 cm in men. In the 40- to 69-year age groups,mean flexibility ranged from 22.768±9.627 to 25.396±9.547 in women and from 16.396±10.136 to 19.935±9.192 cm in men and was classified as below the average. Although most of the subjects performed regular exercise, the mean flexibility level observed did not correspond to the averagesuggested by the CSTF, demonstrating the importance of elaborating national reference tables and of establishing new normative values such as the table proposed in this study.

8.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 16(1): 36-40, jan.-fev. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-553301

ABSTRACT

O treino de força com cargas elevadas tem induzido indivíduos a apresentarem sintomas de dano muscular que incluem a dor muscular tardia. Na tentativa de diminuir sintomas e desconforto da DOMS, estratégias têm sido utilizadas, entre elas, a massagem. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar os efeitos da massagem clássica na percepção subjetiva de dor (DOMS), circunferência do braço (CIR), amplitude de movimento (ADM) e força máxima (1RM) após protocolo para indução de DOMS. Para isso, 18 adultos jovens saudáveis do gênero masculino foram divididos em três grupos (G1 = massagem; G2 = protocolo; G3 = protocolo + massagem) equalizados pelo teste de uma força máxima de flexão de cotovelo no banco Scott. O protocolo de indução de DOMS consistiu de 30 ações excêntricas musculares supramáximas (seis séries de cinco repetições a 110 por cento de 1RM). A massagem foi realizada no grupo G3 imediatamente após o protocolo durante seis minutos. As variáveis dependentes (DOMS, CIR, ADM) foram avaliadas 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas após o protocolo, enquanto a força máxima, apenas após 48 e 96 horas. Os resultados indicaram aumento na DOMS e diminuição na ADM e 1RM, similar aos de outros estudos que utilizaram protocolos semelhantes. No entanto, não houve diferenças entre os grupos G2 e G3 em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Pode-se concluir que com esse design experimental o protocolo utilizado foi eficaz para provocar as alterações nas variáveis analisadas e a massagem não causou nenhum benefício na recuperação das funções musculares nem na percepção subjetiva de dor.


Heavy resistance training induces to symptoms of muscle damage which include delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Some strategies (i.e. massage) have been used to attenuate these symptoms and to reduce discomfort associated with DOMS. This study aimed to investigate the effects of classical massage on DOMS perception, limb girth (CIR), range of motion (ADM) and maximum strength performance (1-RM) after a muscle damage protocol. Eighteen males were divided into three groups (G1= massage-only, G2= protocol-only, G3= protocol + massage) according to their 1-RM values. DOMS-inducing protocol consisted of 30 supramaximal eccentric contractions (6 sets of 5 repetitions at 110 percent 1RM). Immediately after the protocol, classical massage was performed in G3 for 6 minutes. DOMS, CIR, ADM were assessed 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the muscle damage protocol, and maximum strength was evaluated only after 48 and 96 hours. Results showed increase in DOMS and reduction in ADM and 1-RM values, in agreement with other studies using similar procedures. However, there was no difference between G2 and G3 in any of the assessed variables. It can be concluded that the muscle damage protocol used in this study was effective in causing alteration in the dependent variables observed. However, classical massage was not effective to minimize the symptoms associated to exercise induced muscle damage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Massage/methods , Muscles/injuries , Pain , Physical Exertion , Range of Motion, Articular , Resistance Training
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